Sprains and Strains
Sprains and strains are two sports injuries which are easily confused with each other, with their names sounding interchangeably similar. The symptoms-even the painful, inflamed feelings-are not so different either, however as per sports science, these two injuries target different tissues and knowing the difference may mean the difference between an athlete knowing how to diagnose, prevent and treat them right.
What is a Sprain?
A sprain is an injury to ligaments, the firm, however flexible tissues that connect bones at joints. The ligaments support a joint but also govern its movement; an overstretching or tearing of a ligament, often due to sport or accidents, causes a sprain.
Probably, an ankle sprain is the most common form of sprain and most often happens either when walking or exercising on uneven surfaces or when landing awkwardly. Knee sprains, including a torn ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), occur fairly often among athletes, particularly in activities involving swift pivoting. Similarly, a wrist sprain occurs when you fall and attempt to break your fall with outstretched hands.
A classic example of a sprain will have the feeling of popping or tearing at the actual moment of injury, with symptoms that might include pain, swelling, bruising and restricted joint movement. The sprain can range widely in severity, however in general, it is never something to be underestimated.
What is a Strain?
While sprains are related to ligaments, a strain is associated with the muscles or tendons related to bones. This happens when these tissues are stretched too much or even torn, either in an acute or chronic manner. Athletes are at greater risk for strains when they engage in sports and activities that require extreme exercise or repeated movements.
The common source of strains comes from sports like football, cricket and wrestling. Repetitive motion sports, particularly in gymnastics, golf and racket sports such as tennis, also cause strain. In general, any muscle or tendon in the body can be affected by a strain; most commonly, however, the back, hamstrings and elbows are affected.
The symptoms for a strain are pain, swelling, cramping, inflammation, muscle spasms and weakness. In extreme cases, when a muscle or tendon is actually torn, it could lead to a lot of pain and disability. While sprains might cause audible popping sounds, it is usually in cases of strains that cause muscle spasms and cramps.
Prevention of Sprains and Strains
There are several steps that athletes can take in order to prevent sprains and strains.
1. Wear proper fitting shoes and replace them when worn out
2. Protection equipment
3. Having a healthy weight
4. Being in good condition for your sport
5. Warm up and stretch before exercise
6. Do not play sports or exercise when tired or in pain
In short, if you take care of your body and use the right gear then the chances are much less. However, injuries can happen even with the best precaution.
Treatment of Sprains and Strains
The first thing a person does when they undergo an injury is see an orthopedic doctor with a determination of the degree of injury. The most common preliminary treatments include rest, elevation, and icing over the injured area for 20 minutes with repetitions several times a day. In cases where the severity is more marked, very intense treatments such as physical therapy or surgery may be required.
In simpler words, athletes must know what makes a sprain differ from a strain, be able to take preventive measures in time and of course, receive proper treatment not to quit the sport.
The Sportz Planet Desk,
Atharva Shetye
