In the field of sports science, concussion is often viewed as a serious condition because it is subtle in nature and may have long-term effects. The term “concussion” is often used interchangeably with the term “mild traumatic brain injury” (mTBI), however, its complexity and the effects on the nervous system can be much more serious than what meets the eye.
How Brutal Concussion Can Be?
The subtlety of concussion is one of the most disturbing features of this injury, especially in the world of sports. In as many as 90% of concussion cases, there is no loss of consciousness and many concussions go undiagnosed or unrecognized. Athletes may continue to participate in activities without knowing they have an injury. This is intimidating because such an interruption to normal brain functioning with no detectable structural abnormality on CT or MRIs from a concussion occurs. Thus, teaching athletes, coaches and trainers about the mostly invisible nature of brain injuries in sports remains to be crucial work in the sciences of sport.
Metabolic And Physiological Impact Of Concussion
The brain’s reaction to concussion entails a cascade of metabolic, physiological and microstructural changes that affect normal brain function. In the acute stages after the injury, neurotransmitters are released and brain metabolism slows down, which causes an energy crisis and reduces cerebral blood flow. These changes in brain metabolism and circulation can persist for days even though the symptoms themselves might have subsided. This process requires detailed understanding in the lines of sports science and recovery protocol for athletes. India, having drastically proliferated sports science in recent years, it is of utmost importance to understand and treat metabolic effects of concussion for an athlete’s safety.
Long-Term Risks Of Repeated Concussions
Another reason concussion is such a terrible sports injury is the long-term consequences of repeated head trauma. While one concussion may clear up in a few weeks, repeated concussions can lead to chronic conditions like Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a neurodegenerative disease that has been associated with mood disorders, cognitive impairments, and dementia, and it can be several years after multiple concussions. In sports injuries, particularly in contact sports, this points to the need for proper management and prevention strategies.
Mechanisms Of Concussion
Concussion occurs through acceleration forces, which are acting linearly as well as rotationally on the brain. Rotational forces cause maximum damage in terms of shear stresses, resulting in deformation of brain tissue, leading to axonal injury. Mostly diffuse axonal injury is provoked that is not evident in the eyes, however, its impact will continue for a very long time. An understanding of the contribution of concussive forces in its onset can also improve the enhancement of the protective features and better safeguarding measures at sports events through better safety precautions.
Risk Of Second Impact Syndrome
It is a significant danger of SIS, which can simply be said to be a phenomenon that occurs during which a person is hit by a second concussion before a total recovery from the first concussion. SIS most often results in devastating cerebral swelling and even proves fatal. Although very rare, SIS reminds everyone how dire proper diagnosis, rest, and monitoring for an athlete who has experienced a concussion are. Proper concussion management protocols are required in sports science, especially within the growing field of sports science in India.
Addressing Concussion In Sports
Concussion is the worst sports injury since it often appears invisible, leads to permanent damage to the brain and in case it is not handled well, its results can be quite severe. Sports science helps us understand the intricacies of concussion and its impact. Proper recognition, diagnosis and management of concussions are important for protecting athletes’ health in the short and long term, especially in sports environments where injuries in sports are a common concern. Through awareness and effective strategies, athletes can be better protected from the devastating effects of concussions.
The Sportz Planet Desk,
Atharva Shetye