The meniscus, a C-shaped piece of cartilage, acts as a shock absorber and stabilizer within the knee joint. There are two menisci in each knee: the medial meniscus (inner) and the lateral meniscus (outer).
Mechanism of Meniscus Injury
Meniscal injuries commonly occur due to:
- Twisting Injuries: Sudden twisting motions of the knee, particularly when the foot is planted and the knee is rotated, can lead to a tear in the meniscus.
- Direct Impact: A direct blow to the knee, such as a fall or a collision, can also cause a meniscal tear.
- Degenerative Changes: Over time, the meniscus can degenerate, making it more susceptible to tears, especially with minor trauma.
Symptoms of a Meniscal Injury
Symptoms of a meniscal injury may include:
- Pain: Pain in the knee joint, especially with twisting or bending movements.
- Swelling: Swelling around the knee joint.
- Stiffness: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee.
- Locking: A sensation of the knee “locking” or “catching,” preventing full range of motion.
- Popping or clicking: A noise may be heard when moving the knee.
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional will typically diagnose a meniscal injury through a combination of:
- Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination, including specific tests to assess knee stability and range of motion.
- Imaging Studies: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the injury.
Treatment
The treatment for a meniscal injury depends on various factors, including the severity of the injury, the patient’s age, and their activity level.
Acute Meniscal Injuries:
- Conservative Treatment: For mild to moderate injuries, conservative treatment, including rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), and physical therapy, may be sufficient.
- Surgical Treatment: For severe injuries, such as a complete tear or a large flap of torn cartilage, surgery may be necessary. Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to repair or remove the damaged portion of the meniscus.
Degenerative Meniscal Injuries:
- Conservative Treatment: In many cases, conservative treatment, including physical therapy, can effectively manage the symptoms of degenerative meniscal injuries. Physical therapy focuses on strengthening the muscles around the knee, improving flexibility, and improving balance and coordination.
Return to Sport
The time it takes to return to sports activities after a meniscal injury varies depending on the severity of the injury and the type of treatment received. It’s crucial to follow a structured rehabilitation program under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional to ensure a safe and successful return to sport.
By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for meniscal injuries, individuals can take steps to protect their knees and minimize the impact of these injuries on their overall health and well-being.
The Sportz Planet Exclusive,
Dr. Amol Patil
Consultant Sports Physician
Former Team Doctor (Indian Boxing Team) | Former Consultant MY&S (Mission Olympic Cell)
